Analysis Of Confederation Of Tourism And Hospitality Tourism Essay Example

Analysis Of Confederation Of Tourism And Hospitality Tourism Essay Example Analysis Of Confederation Of Tourism And Hospitality Tourism Essay Analysis Of Confederation Of Tourism And Hospitality Tourism Essay This is a study on the issues and accidents that a traveller can confront while on circuit. With the current universe state of affairs the hazard of going is at its highs due to terrorist act. So the accidents that can happen is more, along with this is aligned to buccaneering, so with these effects going is decidedly at a hazard or faces many accidents. Due to this factor many accidents can be managed and minimized during a circuit through reading and information that is available and besides with the benefits of insurance. This besides gives a wide over expression on the circuit operator, The advantage and the disadvantage of holding a circuit operator. Undertaking 1 Major accident and incident as identified ( Based on state of affairss ) A circuit operator is a individual who combines circuit and travel constituents to make a vacation experiences fro tourer or even locals. Therefore the most common illustration of a circuit operator s merchandise would be a flight to a finish and so transit from airdrome to hotel ; this may be by rail, coach or auto and even transit for sight visual perception and so on. Tour operators still exercise undertaking power with providers: air hoses, hotels, land transit agents, sail so forth and besides influence over other entities such as tourer board and authorities governments, In order to make bundles and particular goings for finishs otherwise hard to see. In forming Tourss both the circuit operator and the rider might confront accidents and there are many such reported instances from the past how tourer faced accidents and therefore the load had to be borne by the circuit operator, but this does nt go on to each and every tourer, unhappily a really little figure is reported. Sadly for an highly little per centum of tourer accidents and unwellnesss can strike while going or on circuits, So good attention has to be taken both by the circuit operator and the tourer. Some of the accidents a tourer or a group can meet: Driving abroad. Food and drinks Tropical cyclones Terrorism River and sea, buccaneering Robberies The undermentioned web site portions a narrative of an accident the tourer had to meet while on circuit. It is of import to maintain in head that some tourer can travel into legal footings even with the little accident. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlealley.com/article_973138_18.html More than transit accidents there are many other ways and means that tourer could acquire attacked or face an accident. For illustration as spring in the account I shall take the UAE state. As it is a known fact that this state has a high menace from terrorist act, which terrorist may be after to transport out tacks? Such onslaughts could be indiscriminate and could go on at any clip, including in topographic points frequented by exiles and alien travellers. Thus the travel operator should do his tourer knowing to keep a high degree of security consciousness, peculiarly in public topographic points. Besides the travel agent or circuit operator should advice his or her clients non to drive in unknown district, because driving sides, Torahs refering to driving and the district might postpone. Robberies are sometimes armed packs are increasing both at remote sites and urban centres. Several serious robberies have been reported specially on British subjects. Piracy in the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, particularly for transporting which does non take appropriate safeguards or followed agreed transporting industry best pattern guidelines have to confront these state of affairss. One such incident occurred last twelvemonth on the 23rd of October, when two British subjects were taken surety while sailing in the Indian Ocean. Sailing vass are peculiarly vulnerable to assail. Many people suffer from an disquieted tummy or diarrhoea because of something they have eaten or drunk abrod.More earnestly Cholera, enteric fever, and hepatitis can be contacted from contaminated nutrient and H2O. Tropical cyclones are known are distinguishable to go on during a peculiar seen and a peculiar country, so tourer and circuit operators should be knowledge able on such state of affairss and be of service of advice to the tourer. Therefore accidents are inevitable it could go on at any clip but when we are off from familiar location it is the tourer s duty to be careful and minimise the sum off accidents that can happen in a peculiar state of affairs. From the side of the circuit operator he/she should be of service to the tourer, as accidents can be minimized, instead than atoning subsequently on. Methods to be used in prepare the program A travel operator has to take the enterprise in doing the travel program, but he can non do the program harmonizing to his ain concent.He has to confer with the traveller, the reaching states embassy and so the locations and hotels and transit, there upon develop the program. So the circuit operator needs to confer with many before he makes the program. He has a few countries to concentrate on, the following are really of import: Reliable flight The first most of import thing is to assist the tourer obtain a good flight because the flight and its dependability are extremely of import. Besides there are some riders who require high service in the flight. So looking into all these countries the pick of air hose is given to the rider there upon the following measure the operator moves to the following country Check menus So the following measure is the engagement of flight. First the operator will travel through all possible charges. It is a definite fact that if the traveller is a first clip client or a changeless pleasant traveller the air line will seek to acquire them the best available air carnivals. The air carnivals will besides depend on the clip the traveller makes his engagement. So with the blessing of the travel the ticket is obtained to his budget. Booking of Hotels If the client wishes the best rates for adjustment and in house going excessively is done. All this is given to the rider as a bundle. Time All this should be done harmonizing to the clip of the client. The circuit operator can non make it harmonizing to his discretions. The air menu and hotel stay rates should tally within the given travel clip period of the client. Hazard The hazards involve in going should be explained to the client. As mentioned above some of the hazards are ; terrorist act, bad conditions conditions, larceny, and buccaneering. So the travel operator should do the client aware of these and acquire the client to make more research on the country. Security Security is the most of import thing. While going, and on circuit. The circuit operator should advice the client to obtain a good insurance coverage which will cover all countries, when going. Undertaking 2 Plan in managing accident and Emergency While on circuits many things can travel incorrect. It will non be any 1s mistake and ever the incrimination can non be bestowed on the circuit operator. As a tourer we excessively should shoulder responsible and be a responsible tourer. So each tourer before going should obtain travel insurance. Even the best planned holiday can be interrupted by bugs and exigencies. Travel insurance or travel protection is specially designed to turn to the state of affairss and hazards involved in travel ; it provides coverage from the minute a tourer leaves to the minute he or she arrives back place. For illustration, travel insurance can reimburse you for any luggage or points that you may lose during the trip. This is really of import if the traveller is transporting expensive points such as electronics, jewelry or expensive point. A standard medical insurance besides tends to limited to a web country, so without travel insurance a tourer will hold to shoulder the load of paying off the infirmary measure where it might be really expensive in some cases. So travel insurance is perfectly necessary if a traveller is going into an country with high wellness hazards or exigency processs are really high, travel insurance is extremely important. If the tourer plans to take a impulsive holiday travel insurance is necessary, because many car policies will non widen coverage outside the state a individual lives. Travel insurance can besides supply protect against exigencies that are so specific to traveling abroad that they can non be covered by a standard insurance policy. Travel protection programs can besides supply aid services like an exigency hot line and medical transit service, This really valuable when a crisis hits in a foreign state. Critical action in program An action program should back up the chief program at a clip of crisis. Tour crisis does nt happen all the clip, unhappily it happens really mistily but there should be a program to back up at the clip of necessary. Flight hazard In instance a client misses the flight, the circuit operator should be able to set him on the following available flight. At this point excessively the circuit operator should see on the clients clip restrictions. At clip a flight is cancelled adjustment should be provided for the client, particularly when the client is in a foreign district. This is a point that security is assured. Lost luggage/delayed baggage The circuit operator should help and assist follow up when the baggage is losing. Handle the hazard in program The hazard can be categorized into three chief countries. They are as follows: Technical Technical hazard might happen at an unexpected clip, and this is non the mistake of circuit operator. So the client should bear with that status. This can be due to a mishandling of informations, and deficiency of communicating which the path clearance is non done on clip Human Human hazard can be a pilot all of a sudden falling sick so a dorsum up pilot should be ready but non the carbon monoxide pilot to take off. Besides crew or cabin members can acquire delayed to get at air port due to detain of air port conveyance. For all these inevitable hazards a back up program should follow. It is a must to maintain in head that all run on clip General General hazards are weather. Bad conditions conditions ever cancel or delay a flight. Examples: many European flights were cancelled due to the vent in ice land. At this point many flights did non run, and flights were cancelled for many yearss. And the clients or tourer were stranded in air ports. The recent fog in England kept a many a Michigans to most of the air transit in England. It is must to maintain in head that any organisation has to confront hazard. Confronting the hazard suitably is the best manner. The human hazard and proficient hazard can be minimized but non general hazard.So it is a must to maintain in head the hazard that can happen from the organisations point of position should be minimized. As going depends on people s time.Becasuse today people travel for many grounds and non merely on pleasance. Professionals and cons in the program Once the finish is decided, next the client should make up ones mind if he or she needs a circuit operator or whether they are traveling a caput by them egos. The senior travellers who are more dependent take the aid of a circuit operator to be after out their circuit while the others choose to be after their circuit by themselves. The undermentioned points are to be considered when forming a circuit, if to travel a caput with a circuit operator or indivually.So the pros and cons of it shall be encountered. The following are as follows: The countries that semen under the pros or the good are as follows ; Comfort While one enjoys the trip, person else deals the trip for you. The client selects the planned travel program, pays off the travel agent and awaits whiles the trades are processed. The lone thing the traveller has to make is make the finish on clip for the return off. Worry free travel The usher or circuit operator shall be concerned about managing problems with theodolite work stoppages and baggage barriers. Troubles could be rare on agent trips because the travel agent got the travel program earlier and, most likely, has guided the same trip many a times before Social chances Some people want to run into new people and do familiarities while on circuit. Thus the operator will assist the client to place topographic points with the most sums of societal assemblages are and where the client can accomplish his/her end. If they need urban or rural societal garnering the operator will advice them Learning experiences. The circuit operator volitions ever advice on the best acquisition experiences when on circuit and will assist acquire the best larning out semen of the trip. As we have to maintain in head that the circuit operators are good experient people on a certain finish, instead than we go a caput entirely to form our circuit. Monetary value The monetary value with a travel agent differs from entirely engagement, Because the travel agent will ever acquire the best awards of its clients. Besides particular offers are available. As they have a buying power over hotels, air menus, transit and many services. Cons Pre planned trips A tourer will hold many trips to do when he arrives at a finish a portion from the planned 1s. This will decidedly take to a deficiency of ego sadness because the tourer is non free to see countries of his pick. Health Many wellness issues may a rise. Lack of free clip Over programming will take to a deficiency of clip to go to to the tourers own demands and pleasances. Personality struggles Personality struggles may originate at the clip of treatment with circuit operator which might take to unneeded struggles. Schedule issues. For illustration scheduled visits issue may happen if the tourer is really tired he/she might non desire to travel to a peculiar topographic point, but as he or she has paid they are forced to travel. Decision This study gives an out line to the hazard grip by a circuit operator when forming a circuit. There is a huge country about the accidents that can go on to a individual going a wide and how they should maintain or seek to minimise the hazard involved in them. The organisation construction further emphasizes on the size of the circuit operator s capacity of with standing different patronages and besides minimising on the hazard that will be involved.

Chinese culture Essay Example

Chinese culture Essay Example Chinese culture Essay Chinese culture Essay China is making big progress after entrance of WTO however IPR dispute is happened occasionally. IPR has been acknowledged and protected in China. China is making big progress after entrance of WTO however IPR dispute is happened occasionally. China has been moving its intellectual property rights (IPR) regime closer to those found in many more developed nations. China is making more comprehensive laws, and more attention to enforcement have led to an increase in the number of IPR infringement cases being brought before the courts or taken up through Chinas administrative procedures. The Trade Union is very weak, many firms and organisations do not have Trade Union, this is one of the reasons that the labour cost is low in this country. According to (CNN Money online 2008) the Chinese government issued a new labour protection law, in which the employer has to provide new employment contracts with social security programme and overtime pay. As a result, the labour costs have been raised by 10 to 15 per cent annually According to Yang (1986) explored that the art of Guanxi â€Å"lies in the skilful mobilization of moral and cultural imperatives, such as obligation and reciprocity in pursuit of both diffused social ends and calculated instrumental ends. The system of Guanxi which relies on trust and consents of mutual advantages leads business succeed in Chinese society. According to â€Å"symbolic capital and mutual obligation and trust, and are alternatives to contracts and legal rights†. Chinese Relationship Hierarchy â€Å"Guanxi† plays an important role in Chinese business culture, this relationship is deeply permeating to all different Chinese firms and organisations. There is no doubt that China is regenerating and becoming modern but it is not becoming a western entity. The Chinese do not compromise on their national and local cultures and beliefs even though they are at the head of the curve. The Chinese business system may differ like in China coalition and competition between businesses is much closer and integrated. On the other hand, British have the content that the business refers to be totally dependent on competitiveness and striving through market. The business system of China relates more into synergy than in competition. The relation between British and Chinese economic sector is the ideology of culture and the anticipated culture disputes which cannot be ignored. In one’s simple opinion culture can be defined as any entity, it’s different for everything. An organization has a different and distinguishing culture as compared to the other one. Nevertheless, when it comes to the culture of a country, it is totally a different object. The culture of a country is so vast and important that it cannot be avoided. The concept of culture is the agreement, differencing and then settling it by using tactics to have consent of both the parties and countries (McNamara, 2000). The business association in China becomes a social connection after the business is on the track. However in case of British businesses, even after a long time the relationships are always proficient and professional. If a company wants to indulge in the business of China, they can achieve it by targeting the social culture of this country. The discussions and meetings should be formal but should include personal matters which removes the hurdles and improves the relationship. The basic step in investing is not to make generalisations, especially in the case of doing business in China. Not only investing money but also investing expertise, time, energy and other factors are also vital in this case. These understandings give safety to a company while facing confrontations in future. There are many aspects to study before doing business in China but the following factors identified through are specifically targeted for entering into a Chinese market (Kwintessential, 2010): 1. Establishing relationships and contacts is the most important aspect in China. The more informal and social, the better you get closer with them. The meetings and all business activities should be professional but also in accordance with Chinese culture.

Allyn and Bacon, 2007. Social Problems in A Diverse Society, 4th Essay - 1

Allyn and Bacon, 2007. Social Problems in A Diverse Society, 4th Edition. Diana Kend - Essay Example his leads to custody battles, especially where young children are involved, as each parent deems themselves capable of taking care of their children, though not wanting to relent care to the other. Alcohol-induced violence has also become a common occurrence as more people are turning to alcohol to lessen their problems. To tie them all together is financial turmoil, which can also be seen as one of the greater causes of the aforementioned issues that families often face. Many people believe that family dynamics hardly exist today as peoples’ lives become more shrouded with secrecy and trouble. Especially in homes that are experiencing the previously mentioned issues, family dynamics are practically nonexistent. How family members relate to one another is important, becoming something that determines how the family is capable of holding up during times of crisis and strife. To alter or change the current typical family dynamics, families need to aim at spending more time with each other, and to make it a daily task to see how everyone is doing. If individual family members can show that they are willing to become close with their other family members, making attempts at relating to each other, then others will slowly open up as well. Family dinners, outings that involve the entire family participating in something together, or even just finding a few minutes to talk to each other everyday can make a world full of difference in the dynamics of a family. They cannot hope to relate to each other unless they try to make attempts at understanding each other first. The major consequence of family issues and a lack of family dynamics is that families can be easily torn apart, though each family will have its own reasons for having done so. This can lead to estranged family members, further issues, and a major lack of foundation. In this day and age, family is all that most people have to rely on, so it would be unwise to shunt those people aside. A family with good

Ice Hotels Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ice Hotels - Assignment Example The ice hotels belong to the category of destination hotels as they arrange many attractive features for travelers and other tourist who are interested in some unusual entertainments. The ice hotels are promoted by some sponsors with intent to offer special entertainment experiences to customers. The ice sculptures increase the attractiveness of hotel lobbies; and the nature of circumstances decides the type of foods and beverages supplied. The temperature inside an ice hotel is 17 to 23 degrees Fahrenheit (-5 to -8 degree Celsius) which offers an exceptional experience to the tourists. Since the ice melts in the sunlight, ice hotels require to be reconstructed every year. The most prominent feature of an ice hotel is that its walls, fixtures, and fittings are completely made up of ice. Colorful light settings make â€Å"the structures look more like magical snow castles than frigid artic dwellings† (Srinivasan, 2008). Generally, ice hotels are built beside rivers in order to maintain freeze. It would take five to six months for building an extensive, large capacity ice hotel. The emergence of ice hotel concept has surpassed the resort and other cottage trends. Moreover, transformation of a night into a day would create sheer exhilaration for the ice hotel visitors. The world’s first ice hotel was built in Sweden. c) Competitiveness of the ice hotel industry in China Since the ice hotels are built seasonally and disappear after a certain period, it gets world wide popularity. The increasing demand for ice hotels may persuade the sponsors to bring forth future modifications to this concept. The ice hotels can mitigate the intensity of the atmospheric condition like global warming (explorra). Moreover, since this concept does not hurt the environmental balance, it would not face legal or other political challenges. Before implementing the ice hotel project in China, it is necessary to conduct a detailed market study in order to get a clear view rega rding the potentiality of the project in the country. It would be better to choose SWOT analysis for this purpose as it covers all relevant aspects of market. Strengths The novelty and increased market demand for the ice hotel concept found to be the most potential strength with this project. Since the ice hotel concept filmed in James Bond’s Die Another Day movie, this innovative concept has been getting world wide popularity. Similarly, the location of the business is other strength to the project since China is world’s largest market. Since China is a highly- populated country, the Australian hotel chain can take business advantages of this feature. The rampant technological development in China would also contribute to this business concept. Weaknesses Since the ice hotel is a new concept, the parent firm would lack marketing expertise; and hence the management may fail to attract more visitors. A series of difficulties may arise during the implementation of the pr ocess if the project team is unaware of the technical aspects of the concept. Moreover, the management team may also face troubles with deploying experts in ice hotel construction. Opportunities Modern facilities like information technology rampantly grow in China. The internet would largely assist the project team to deal with various phases of the project. It has been identified that internet is the one of the best platforms to effectively market a new concept. The ice hotel concept in China may get numbers of potential strategic alliance offers from other big hotel operators in Chin. An integration process would greatly aid the Australian hotel management to successfully market its concept among Chinese people. Moreover the absence of a potential competitor in china would also largely contribute to this

Writing Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing Skills - Essay Example When in doubt, take a look at models written by experts† (Hacker, 1996, p. 23). Although some areas of the course were difficult for me, I value these the most, because I learned the most from them. Some areas of the course were easy for me, too, which gave me some amount of confidence. The most difficult part of the course for me was learning to arrange my ideas in a way that showed structure. When I wrote before this course, I tended to go from one random idea to another. I would start a school paper on tax policy, and wind up talking about the Iraq War, so that by the end of the paper, no one could tell what it was about. I learned that it is possible, with the help of the course, to organize my ideas better, and get a strong idea about my writing before I start it. This way, I am not just going off on tangents: now I keep outlines and follow them. This was also the most difficult part of the course for me, as mentioned, because even now, I am tempted to launch into a new idea, without organizing it first. However, I think that this area of the course was one of great progress for me. One of the easiest parts of the course for me was the actual mechanics of writing. I know that I am no grammar expert, and my punctuation can sometimes use a lot of work. I am also prone to writing run-on sentences. However, when I started to compare my writing and talk to some of the other students, I found that I was having a lot less trouble with grammar and spelling than they were. I never really had a problem with this area in school, and in fact, some of my earliest teachers were very keen on students diagramming sentences in a seemingly endless manner. Even though I did not enjoy this as it was happening, I think it gave me a solid foundation of grammar, and the ability to string a sentence together. Overall,

Intelligence failure is political and psychological organisation

Intelligence failure is political and psychological organisation Intelligence failure is political and psychological more often than organisational. Discuss in relation to at least two examples of intelligence failure. In this essay I will illustrate, through specific examples, the human condition and the psychological roots of surprise, the actions of policy-makers and an examination of organisational defects of agencies, and how they contribute to intelligence failures. However in order to understand what constitutes ‘intelligence failure, some contextual definition must be provided. The phrase intelligence failure often has highly negative connotations in terms of national security. Although it is also been used to describe situations such as the 1998 Indian nuclear weapons tests whereby U.S and Western policy-makers were surprised by the international incident that took place, even when that surprise caused minimal impact to their national security. Using the word failure to describe situations where negative consequences for national security are minimal may seem unusual however it highlights the imprecise meaning of the word. The amassing of, interpretation and eventual distribution of information to those in power is an ongoing process that can occasionally fail to depict events on the international scene accurately or adequately in-depth to provide them with either infallible information or total certainty.As a result, when surprises like Pearl Harbour and the 9/11 attacks occur, intelligence agencies bear the brunt of the scrutiny. It is interesting to no te that in a study conducted by Dr. Robert Johnston within the U.S. Intelligence Community in 2005 he interviewed several CIA officials and requested a definition of the term ‘intelligence failure from several of the interviewees. Some of the responses disavowed the existence of ‘intelligence failure while others placed the terms in the broader context of policy and decision making. It is apparent that one of the most difficult elements in intelligence analysis rests in measuring up enemy intention and removing the element of surprise. Surprise is essentially a psychological phenomenon that has its roots in human nature.This process is not made any easier if the intelligence gathered is unreliable, incomplete or just plain absent. Furthermore, knowledge about capability does not supply a perfect clue to intentionas will be demonstrated below. A common failing is to create an interpretation of the enemys intentions yet base it on the ideology or belief of the analyst and his home nation. Hindsight reveals that the element of surprise in the majority of large-scale wars fought since 1939 was unwarranted and a considerable amount of evidence of an imminent assault was available to the victims before the fact. In 1941 a number of high ranking administration officials expressed the belief that as long as the U.S maintained overall military advantage over Japan, war was unlikely to break out. All the evidence indicates that they are more afraid of war with the U.S. than anything else. U.S policy-makers remained firm in their belief that Japan would base its decision to wage war on military considerations. It has been argued that, as Japanese/U.S. relations were on a steady decline and with a large number of reports being received regarding possible Japanese aggression and aggressive intentions, U.S. officials had almost certain knowledge that war was at hand. Roberta Wohlstetter attributes the failure to anticipate the attack on Pearl Harbour on the massive number of irrelevant material being accumulated regarding Japanese intentions, euphemistically termed ‘noise. In addition, not all intercepts were decoded and the intercepts that were, did not all travel along the same communication routes and so ended up not rising the chain of command; no single person or agency ever had at any given moment all the signals existing in this vast information network. Wohlstetter also believes that intelligence officers could perhaps have foreseen the attack years before, if the U.S. had concealed spies within Japanese military circles and expanded its code-breaking capabilities. Of course, it can be further argued that success in warning can be indistinguishable from failure. If, for example, the defender acknowledges a warning and responds in time with defensive preparations then the attacker may cancel the operation. Thus the original prediction would be rendered invalid. The Japanese task force en route to Pearl Harbour had orders to abort if the element of surprise was lost. During the week preceding the Yom Kippur war, Israeli intelligence officers accumulated a substantial amount of credible information indicating unusual Egyptian activities along the Suez Canal. A memorandum was circulated to Intelligence Command which concluded that there was a high probability that Egyptian manoeuvres were only cover for an impending attack. The intelligence indicated a readiness for an offensive however on the eve of war; the intelligence material did not affect the strategic thinking of Israelis decision makers. They attributed their own line of reasoning to the adversary. Overlooking the possibility that the enemy might not follow the same line of thought the Israeli leaders displayed a fatal lack of imagination that separated them from their opponent and in this case, aided by hindsight, it is clear that when tactical facts differ from that of strategic possibilities, the former should be given increased weight in the decision making process. As established above, the cause of intelligence failure can be a result of an analysts own psychological condition influencing data, reports or opinions of others, likewise policymakers can be guilty of the same. In this next example I will demonstrate how not only the psychological condition can result in an intelligence failure. Since the 9/11 disaster public discussion has been focused strongly on the human causes of the tragedy and asking the question ‘What went wrong? And one of the failures of the intelligence community that had been overlooked in the beginning was the organisational structure of both the FBI and CIA. On closer examination, it is evident that the Bureau and CIA suffered from a litany of organisational weaknesses that can be attributed to being a major component of the 9/11 disaster. The structural problems the FBI faced were exacerbated by the fact the bureau was part of an Intelligence Community that had been be in opposition to information sharing, the CIA and FBI having a long history of poor communication added to divided responsibility geographically which invariably led to vast gaps in coverage of territory. Whilst the CIA was among the agencies charged with tracking terrorists abroad, the FBI had responsibility for monitoring terrorist suspects within U.S borders. There was however no clear distinction of responsibility for monitoring movement of terrorist suspects between the U.S and foreign countries. The bureau was considered so peripheral that previous to 9/11 the CIA neglected to put the Attorney General on its distribution list for the Presidents Daily Brief, the most important Community-wide current intelligence report. Consequently, terrorists could operate freely across borders but the U.S Intelligence Community could not. Whats more, J. Edgar Hoover had created a specific picture of FBI agents in a large publicity campaign that soon agents themselves began believing; they were glorified agents, in everything from movies to play cards with the ultimate goal for a striving ambitious agent was to work criminal cases and not sit behind a desk, and so this had an unfortunate side effect an aversion to technology and analysis. As one agents describes the ‘old-school mentality after the 9/11 attacks, ‘real men dont type. The only thing a real agent needs is a notebook, a pen and a gun, and with those three things you can conquer the world. With that perspective in mind, greater emphasis was placed on the more tangible criminal conviction, as opposed to a very absent terrorist attack. To further the argument, organisational incentives supplemented this way of thinking with opportunities for analysts promotion to senior positions highly restricted if permitted at all. Moreover, in terms of techno logy, the FBI computer system was so outmoded that it took up to 12 commands to store a single document, this coupled with an almost pathological distain for counterintelligence operations meant that billions of records were simply kept in paper files in shoe boxes and if reports did come in, they were not assigned a high priority level. The CIA also suffered from similar failings in its internal structure. When the organisation was created, it was charged with conducting missions to collect covert intelligence, engage in covert action and it also publishes National Intelligence Estimates (NIE). Thus in similar fashion to the FBI ‘bi-polarity of having duel missions law enforcement and intelligence- these tasks cannot be suitably carried out and the intelligence analysis can end up politicised. The CIA had not been particularly strong on terrorism since the late 1980s. William Casey and Robert Gates Director and deputy director respectively falsely believed that the Soviet Union was responsible for every act of international terrorism and formed the Counter-terrorism Centre (CTC). Even after the failed plot to bomb Los Angeles International Airport in December 1999, the agencies did not heighten concerns over the ability of Al-Qaeda to strike inside the U.S. Everyone has someone they want to hold responsible for 9/11 and although different people have found different culprits, their point is the same: that individual leaders are to blame for the World Trade Centre and Pentagon attacks. It is however, dangerous to place the entire burden of responsibility on single individuals, though it may be understandable, as it is a natural human response after a great tragedy. It does however suggest the wrong causes of failure and thus the wrong remedies in tackling them. For instance, well-meaning ‘intelligence reform advocates including members of Congress and families, of 9/11 victims mistakenly fixed their sights on measure recommended by the 9/11 Commission, most notably the creation of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). It would be ridiculous to say that individual leadership is irrelevant; it would merely be more prudent to examine the less noticeable aspects of organisational life. If it was the case that leadership determin ed counterterrorism success and failure, then resolution to the problems encountered by the intelligence agencies would be easy. To conclude, it seems that the enduring defects in the FBI and CIA organisational structure, culture, and incentive systems proved to be a major debilitating factor once the Cold War was over and the terrorist threat emerged. These weaknesses ultimately prevented the agencies from exploiting 12 separate opportunities that might have disrupted the 9/11 plot. These agencies may be charged with preventing surprise but not all surprises can be prevented, such as the abrupt end of the Cold War and collapse of the Soviet Union. Furthermore it seems the danger of defining ‘intelligence failure by example resembling those above is that each case is contextually unique and can be argued with no end in sight. The important recurring element through the examples illustrated is the significance of surprise, regardless of if it is intelligence surprise, military surprise in the case of Pearl Harbour and the Yom Kippur war, or political surprise. Even if the intelligence community itself was not surprised by them, it was unable to convince the military and political consumers of intelligence, these events might occur; in which case it suggests the failure is one of organisational and specifically of communication and persuasion. Marrin, S., ‘Preventing Intelligence Failure by Learning from the Past International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 17/4 (2004) p. 657 Marrin, S., ‘Preventing p.656 Johnson, R. Analytic Culture in the US Intelligence Community: An Ethnographic Study (Centre for the Study of Intelligence 2005) ch. 1- https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/analytic-culture-in-the-u-s-intelligence-community/full_title_page.htm (accessed 18th March 2010). Harkabi, Y., Nuclear War and Nuclear Peace (Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1966) p. 51 Kennan, G. F., Russia, The Atom and the West (New York 1957) p. 21 Betts, R. K., ‘Surprise Despite Warning: Why Sudden Attacks Succeed Political Science Quarterly 95/4 (1980) p. 551 Letter sent by Stimson to the New York Times February 11th 1940 Ben-Zvi, A, ‘Hindsight and Foresight: A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of Surprise Attacks World Politics 28/3 (April 1976) p. 389 Wohlstetter, R., Pearl Harbour: Warning and Decision (Stanford University Press 1962) p. 385 Wohlstetter, R., Pearl Harbour p. 193 Shlaim, A., ‘Failures in National Intelligence Estimates: The Case of the Yom Kippur War World Politics 28/3 (April 1976) p. 378 Betts, R.K., ‘Surprise Despite Warning p. 557 Ben-Zvi, A, ‘Hindsight and Foresight p. 393 Schiff, Z., October Earthquake Yom Kippur 1973 (Tel-Aviv: University Publishing Projects 1974) p. 27 Shlaim, A., ‘Failures in National Intelligence Estimates p. 363 Shlaim, A., ‘Failures in National Intelligence Estimates p. 395 Goodman, M.A., ‘9/11: The Failure of Strategic Intelligence Intelligence and National Security 18/4 (2003) p. 64 ‘Threats and Responses in 2001 9/11 Commission Staff Statement Number 10 (13th April 2004) p. 5 Zegart, A. ‘9/11 and the FBI: The Organisational Roots of Failure Intelligence and National Security 22/2 (April 2007) p. 167 Lichtblau, E. Piller, C. ‘Without a Clue: How the FBI Lost Its Way, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, (11th August 2002) p. 1 Cumming, A. Masse, T. ‘FBI Intelligence Reform Since September 11 2001: Issues and Options for Congress Congressional Research Service Report No. RL32336 (6th April 2004) http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32336.html (accessed 17th March 2010) p. 13 Federal Bureau of Investigation, ‘The FBIs Counterterrorism Program Since September 2001 Report to the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the US (14 April 2004) p.51 Goodman, M.A., ‘9/11: The Failure of Strategic Intelligence p. 62 TRACES OF TERROR: THE INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES; C.I.A.s Inquiry On Qaeda Aide Seen as Flawed New York Times 23rd September 1998 p. 11 Russell, R.L., ‘A Weak Pillar for American National Security: The CIAs Dismal Performance against WMD Threats, Intelligence and National Security 23/3 (September 2005) p. 478 Zegart, A. ‘9/11 and the FBI p. 179 Zegart, A. ‘9/11 and the FBI p. 165 Treverton, G. J., Reshaping National Intelligence for an Age of Information (New York Cambridge University Press 2003) p. 32

Global Warming Essay -- Causes and Effects of Climate Change

Pollution in our world is leading to increased global warming. Global warming is a problem that if it doesn’t effect us, it will effect all future generations. Global Warming is a problem that all of us can solve, and it should be solved through the work of our community. Global Warming is caused by the Greenhouse Effect. The Greenhouse effect causes the sun’s rays to come in the earth’s atmosphere, and when it bounces back, more and more of the sun’s rays stay in the Earth, heating up the average global temperature. Greenhouse gasses cause the addition of the Greenhouse Effect. Greenhouse Gasses cause an increase in the Greenhouse Effect. Greenhouse Gasses are created whenever a fossil fuel is burned. It is not the burning of the fossil fuel, but the emissions of the gas from the burning fossil fuel that adds to the Greenhouse Effect. Greenhouse Gasses in this planet are natural, but with added amounts of Greenhouse Gasses, the Greenhouse Effect gets much stronger. There are several simple solutions, but many people don’t care about the environment enough to help stop Global Warming. One Step to stop Global Warming could be to turn off your computers when you finish with them, because computers use electricity, witch is created mostly by the burning of Fossil Fuels. Another Step to control Global Warming could be to use Public Transportation, rather than each person driving around in a car, because each less car reduces the level of oil burned. Another way to stop Global Warming could be to Recycle, because lots of garbage is burned, adding to the Greenhouse Effect. Global Warming is a serious problem, and it needs to be solved, NOW! The global warming hypothesis originated in 1896 when Svante Arrheniu... ... course of geologic time without any assistance from human activity. Says Singer, â€Å"The human component [in recent global warming] is thought to be quite small. . . . The climate cooled between 1940 and 1975, just as industrial activity grew rapidly after WWII. It has been difficult to reconcile this cooling with the observed increases in greenhouse gases.† Singer also argues that temperature observations since 1979 are in dispute: Surface readings with thermometers show a rise of about 0.1 degree C per decade, while data from satellites and balloon-borne radiosondes [miniature transmitters] show no warming—with possible indications of a slight cooling—in the lower atmosphere between 1979 and 1997. Until the science behind the global warming theory is more settled, Singer and other skeptical scientists advocate placing no limits on the consumption of fossil fuels.

Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Essay

Team C has identified that the Human Resources Department of Patton-Fuller Community Hospital has primary system deficiencies with the information security and lack of information. The records are currently open to all system users, exposing personal information to the Internet through the public website. The requirements for updating the Human Resources operating system have been identified using a specification checklist for updating software for the department including payroll and accounting. Team C has gathered the business requirements to understand the needs of the Human Resources department. The department currently operates on an Apple iMac with 2 gigahertz, 350-megabyte hard drive wireless with Mac OS X including Leopard and Windows XP. All patient files are encrypted for storage using AES. Advanced Encryption Standard is highly secure using 256-bit AES encryption for sensitive data. The Human Resource department also needs to have their sensitive data secure. The Human Resources department performs many functions including all of the accounting for the hospital. The hospital accounting and finance needs to operate using a secure and sophisticated software system. Updating the software to be able to perform accounting records is crucial to determine the financial soundness of Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. Patient accounts and billing must be secure and the software to be modified and updated should be too easy to learn and work with. Further research needs to be conducted if off-the-shelf software should be purchased or if the software should be modified or developed specifically for the department. Marketing communication is relatively designed to sell the value and benefits of the project to the stakeholders, which includes the healthcare providers, insurance companies, and pharmacies that are willing to invest in an organization working towards an accessible, affordable healthcare system such as the one that will be provided by Fuller-Patton Community Hospital. Team C has chosen to use branding as the source of marketing communication since it is indeed known to be the most sophisticated. The primary purpose of branding is to establish an identity that conjures up a positive image (Mochal, 2007). Our purpose in implementing this new software system is to assure the stockholders with this positive image, reflection and emotion  when a person hears of the new product. In order for Team C to make sure that the positive image is captured we will need to ask one another some important questions such as:Will this new system require a change in the way people perform their jobs and will this project make the business workers nervous as a result of efficiencies that will ultimately require less people to do the same function? As long as Team C holds a steady stream of positive communication amongst one another during the implementation of this project for the Human Resource Department then the project will be successful and should help overcome any negative perceptions one may have about the project. As a marketing research strategy Team C should implement a survey or questioner on how consumers in the local and surrounding areas gather information regarding hospitals and healthcare, as well as to what type of documentation the consumers are getting the information from such as the Internet, family, newspapers, friends, television, radio and possible hospital pamphlets or flyers. Once the information from the survey or questionnaire is gathered it should supply us with the insight of just how much the consumer’s friends and families have on the organization and patient satisfaction. This will guide Team C into the direction that they need in order to come up with the best image to fit the needs of Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. Team C can also set their marketing research plans toward is employee satisfaction and increase administrative efficiency by implementing Magic Service Desk for the Human Resources department. Magic Service Desk has the ability to track all employee requests while providing him or her with instant answers to policies and procedure questions. This will be an instant way that Team C can improve Patton-Fuller’s organizational efficiency by automating the Human Resources processes and empowering all employees to help them with access to the knowledge base and retrieve the available FAQ’s that they so desperately need. Mochal, T. (2007). Use branding techniques to build a positive image for your project. BNET Business Network. Retrieved on 12 Oct 2008 from: http://articles.techrepublic.com.com/5100-10878_11-6162466.html

The play Waiting for Godot

The play Waiting for Godot The theatre is always about the play, the characters and the drama. The three questions that the theatre asks are: what the play is, why it is the way it is and what the characters learn during the play?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The play â€Å"Waiting for Godot† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The play â€Å"Waiting for Godot† is about two people who are waiting for a person named Godot. In reality, Godot never comes and the two characters, Vladimir and Estragon, spend much time waiting for this individual. They talk about all kinds of things. Their wait seems to be eternal which is representative of life. The play is both a comedy and a tragedy. It is a comedy because it seems impossible and comical how these two characters are waiting for another one for so long. They also have a special relationship with each other which is rather humorous. The unexpected things that happen throughout the pla y add to the humor of the wait. But at the same time, it is a tragedy because Godot never comes, and it is devastating to Estragon and Vladimir. They are frustrated that they have to wait for so long, and they even think of killing themselves several times during the play. The tree is an important representation, and it stands for several things, as there are a few references by the characters to kill themselves, the tree could be seen as a tool for that. Estragon and Vladimir talk about hanging themselves from it. It could be a direct reference to Jesus and the crucifixion because Jesus was said to be crucified on a wooden cross (Feitsch, 2008). The visitors, Pozzo and Lucky represent a duality. It seems impossible how these two characters who are so different can stay together. Another line that can be drawn is the connection between mind and body. It is a constant battle between the two forces in the struggle for what each wants and needs. It could also be said that Vladimir is t he mind of the two, as he is the one coming up with ideas and concepts, and Estragon is the body, and this can be seen in his naps, the want to sleep and complaints. The names of the characters represent another duality. The name â€Å"Lucky† in no way represents the fate of the person, as it is illustrated in the play. It shows how the obvious can oppose the hidden. And there is the contrast between the reason of the wait and the wait itself. The main goal is to wait for Godot but while they wait, there are things that happen to the characters, which display different aspects of life and its turns. The wait is aligned with the grim reality of life, when a person waits for something to happen and it never does. The tree also represents the divinity of heavens, as the characters wanted to hang themselves on it and the theme of morals, which are high above, and the material needs of the human body (Patkovszky, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Both acts describe the same place. It is a lonely tree by the road. This represents the theme that time stood still for these two characters. The only difference is that in the second act there are some leaves on the tree (Beckett, 2011). The mystery of Godot stays unsolved until the end. It is unclear who it is or why they wait for him, but it seems to be the point of their existence. References Beckett, S. (2011). Waiting for Godot. New York, United States: Grove Press. Feitsch, V. (2008). Waiting for Godot a cultural approach. Norderstedt, Germany: GRIN Verlag.

Zimmerman - Surname Meaning and Family History

Zimmerman - Surname Meaning and Family History The Zimmermann / Zimmerman  surname originated as the German  occupational name Zimmermann  derived from the German word for carpenter. From the Middle High German zimber, meaning timber, wood and mann, man. This surname was sometimes Americanized as Carpenter. ZIMMERMANN is the 20th most common German surname.   Surname Origin:  German, Jewish Alternate Surname Spellings:  ZIMMERMAN, ZIMERMAN, ZYMERMANN, ZIMMERER, ZIMERMAN, CIMERMAN, CYMERMAN, CIMERMANN , TIMMERMAN, TIMMERMANN, SIMMERMAN, SIMMERMANN   Famous People with the Surname ZIMMERMAN Rachel Zimmerman - inventor of the Blissymbol printerArthur Zimmermann -  State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire during WWI; author of the infamous Zimmermann TelegramJordan Zimmermann -  American professional MLB baseball pitcher  Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman) - American singer-songwriter- American known for the shooting of Trayvon Martin in Florida in 2012 Where is the ZIMMERMANN  Surname Most Commonly Found? Surname distribution data on  Forebears ranks Zimmermann as the 20th most common surname in Germany, while the Zimmerman spelling is more common in the United States. Zimmermann is also very common in Switzerland, where it ranks 14th in the nation, and in Austria, where it comes in 66th. WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates that the Zimmermann surname is fairly common throughout Germany, with a slight edge in the regions of Sachsen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Baden-Wà ¼rttemberg, and Thà ¼ringen, as well as Alsace, France. According to surname distribution maps from Verwandt.de, there are over 119,000 individuals with the Zimmermann surname living in Germany. The greatest numbers are found around the cities of Berlin, Cologne, Hamburg, and Munich, as well as a cluster around Rhein-Neckar-Kreis and Karlsruhe.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname ZIMMERMANN Common German Surnames Their MeaningsUncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to German surnames meanings and origins. Zimmerman  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Zimmerman  family crest or coat of arms for the Zimmerman surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Carpenter Cousins  Y-DNA ProjectThis project is focused on individuals with the Carpenter, Zimmerman and variant surnames interested in using  Y-DNA testing and traditional genealogical research to identify  genetically distinct Carpenter and Zimmerman lines, both English and German. Zimmerman Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Zimmerman surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Zimmerman query. There is also a separate forum for the Zimmermann spelling. FamilySearch - ZIMMERMAN  GenealogyExplore over 1.5  million  historical records which mention individuals with the Zimmerman surname, as well as online Zimmerman family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ZIMMERMAN  Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts a free mailing list for researchers of the Zimmerman  surname, as well as a separate list for the Zimmermann spelling. DistantCousin.com - ZIMMERMANN Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Zimmermann. GeneaNet - Zimmermann  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Zimmerman  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Germany and other European countries. The Zimmermann  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Zimmermann  from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Justice and Christians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Justice and Christians - Essay Example criminals are treated by laws alone in pursuit of justice beyond spiritual guidance, knowing the rigidity of discipline imposed by the justice system ruling, such setting may further aggravate any state of psychological imbalance with inmates. The authorities taking custody of these people may as well not find themselves able to provide sufficient moral support at getting exhausted with daily routine of having to attend to a somewhat unmanageable number of other detained suspects. It is hence more than reasonable for Christian standards to modify the objectives of employing justice in this regard. Every true Christian acts by faith and teachings which exhibit a humble, patient, and compassionate attitude of dealing with a sinner without prior judgment (Christian Justice). By the freedom of exercising righteous deed towards any one, a considerate person who handles an offender may do so in a Christian manner of promoting the essence of love and faith in life through the Holy Scriptures. Once the erring party manifests being moved in response to the atmosphere filled with love, there is high probability that this person would in turn be inspired to change heart and give the favor back. In the process, Christian justice could possibly enable the convicted person to understand the gravity of his sins then to find no great deal in the will to be executed or be served proper charges since by this time, he would have taken a huge step to forgive himself. As a result, Christianity transforms the individual at fault and establishes in him a type of conviction which is able to overcome remorse and discern the fairness in the fact that justice would not be held back from sinner. At this stage the offender, having been spiritually renewed, accepts his punishment wholeheartedly. Similarly, an act of a just Christian reaches out to the victim by supplication of comfort and bridges the gap between the victim and the person in offense. To a certain extent, the former may also

Public Realtions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Realtions - Essay Example In case of any issues arising, the businesses have to ensure that the specialists are using their expert knowledge and skills of communications to deal with the stakeholders to maintain the healthy relationships. Usually the need for specialists arises when businesses go through controversial issues (Travis, 2013). McDonalds is a multinational fast food restaurant and apparently the world’s largest hamburger sellers. McDonalds operate in more than 119 countries and serve up to 68 million customers every day. A survey of their recipes in 2004 in United States showed that they use trans-fat, artificial sweeteners and petro chemicals in their products. This was a controversial issue since it said to harm the lives of the customers. Trans-fat is used to enhance the taste of their meals and make it addicting for the customer so that he spends more money on McDonald meals. The food containing trans-fat can damage DNA, arteries, bad cholesterol and raises the risk of coronary heart d iseases. This issue was a major reason why McDonalds sales and market image was affected. Many controversies still exist today and campaigns are done to ban products that include trans-fat. Moreover, the United States governments started many campaigns in 2004 and 2005 demanding the fast food restaurants to reduce the use of trans-fats in their products and stop risking the lives of customers. By the 2007, many of the state governments had signed the regulation for the ban of trans-fats and made it a law to cease the products made in trans-fat oil. This issue had major implications on the organization and the society at large (Sriramesh, 2003). Due to the campaigns about trans-fats, many people in the United States had started knowing about the harms that trans-fat is likely to cause to the health. Thus, having revealed that McDonalds uses trans-fats in their products, the customers were furious and the organization delivered a negative image that they had to control before it hit t heir sales and profits. Since trans-fats were used in products which were consumed by the customers, they were the stakeholders largely affected by this issue. Because of this many customers stopped eating McDonalds and shifted to other competitive brands. McDonalds would not only lose their customers to their competitors, but also suffer loss in sales revenue and profits (Kincheloe, 2002). The implications of this issue to the other stakeholders would also be great. Since the market value and business image will be affected, many of the investors would refuse to invest in the business which is likely to go into losses because of this controversial issue. Moreover, the suppliers would also focus on other profitable organizations to supply their goods. The employees are an important part of the business and it is wrong to say that they would not be affected by this issue. The employees will be affected in an indirect way. Since this issue involves the government regulations, the empl oyee’s jobs would be threatened and insecure. Working in an organization undergoing an ethical controversy can also have a bad impact on the career of the employee. Most employees would avoid working in such an organization. It is at this time when the business needs its specialized managers and experts to deal with the stakeholders in order to retain their trust in the business. Usually a large scale business such as McDonalds would